The founder of the Bengal School of Art, a pioneering figure in the visual aesthetics of Indian nationalism.

The Four essential needs in the hand of Bharat Mata. Abanindranath Tagore portrayed Bhārat Mātā as a four-armed Hindu goddess wearing saffron-coloured robes, holding the vedas, sheaves of rice, a mala, and a white cloth. The image of Bharat Mata was an icon painted to create nationalist feelings among Indians during the freedom struggle. Sister Nivedita, an admirer of the painting, opined that the picture was refined and imaginative, with Bharat Mata standing on green earth and blue sky behind her; feet with four lotuses, four arms meaning divine power; white halo and sincere eyes; and gifts Shiksha-Diksha-Anna-Bastra of motherland to her children.